Jacaranda Science Quest 9 Australian Curriculum 4e learnON and Print

Jacaranda Science Quest 9 (for Australian Curriculum v9.0)
Australia’s most supportive Science resource

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Table of Contents

About this resource vii

Acknowledgements xiv

Science Inquiry

1 Investigating science 1

1.1 Overview 2

1.2 Scientists through the ages 4

1.3 Accidents and observations 7

1.4 A question of ethics 10

1.5 Planning your own investigation 13

1.6 SkillBuilder — Controlled, dependent and independent variables

1.7 SkillBuilder — Writing an aim and forming a hypothesis

1.8 SkillBuilder — Measuring and reading scales

1.9 SkillBuilder — Drawing a line graph

1.10 SkillBuilder — Creating a simple column or bar graph

1.11 Case study 32

1.12 Using spreadsheets 36

1.13 SkillBuilder — Using a spreadsheet

1.14 Using data loggers and databases 42

1.15 Thinking tools — Visual thinking tools 51

1.16 Review 55

Biological Sciences

2 Control and coordination 63

2.1 Overview 64

2.2 Sense organs 66

2.3 Homeostasis 78

2.4 The nervous system 82

2.5 The endocrine system 98

2.6 Malfunctions of the nervous system 110

2.7 Review 114

3 Systems working together 123

3.1 Overview 124

3.2 Respiratory and circulatory systems 126

3.3 Digestive and excretory systems 137

3.4 Thinking tools — Priority grids and matrices 155

3.5 Review 157

4 The immune response 167

4.1 Overview 168

4.2 Infectious diseases 170

4.3 Types of pathogens 175

4.4 Lines of defence 186

4.5 Immunity and immunisation 193

4.6 Outbreaks 201

4.7 Our noble Nobels 207

4.8 Thinking tools — Cycle maps and relations diagrams 212

4.9 Review 215

5 Reproduction 223

5.1 Overview 224

5.2 Asexual reproduction 226

5.3 Sexual reproduction in flowering plants 235

5.4 Comparing reproductive strategies in animals 244

5.5 Human reproduction 256

5.6 Reproductive technologies and contraception 273

5.7 Thinking tools — Storyboards 287

5.8 Review 289

Chemical Sciences

6 Inside the atom 303

6.1 Overview 304

6.2 Chemical building blocks 306

6.3 Stability and change — inside the nucleus 312

6.4 Using radioactivity 319

6.5 The dark side of radiation 327

6.6 Thinking tools — Concept maps and plus, minus, interesting charts 334

6.7 Review 337

7 Chemical reactions 343

7.1 Overview 344

7.2 Rearranging atoms and molecules 346

7.3 Balancing chemical equations 351

7.4 Acid and base reactions 360

7.5 Combustion reactions 369

7.6 Green chemistry 373

7.7 Thinking tools — Matrices and plus, minus, interesting charts 384

7.8 Project — ChemQuiz 386

7.9 Review 387

Earth and Space Sciences

8 Global systems 393

8.1 Overview 394

8.2 Global systems 396

8.3 The greenhouse effect 410

8.4 Reducing carbon dioxide globally 420

8.5 Thinking tools — Concept maps 433

8.6 Project — 2050 Carbon zero house 435

8.7 Review 436

Physical Sciences

9 Energy transmission 441

9.1 Overview 442

9.2 Heat transfer 444

9.3 Matter and energy — waves 459

9.4 Energy transfer by sound 465

9.5 Energy transfer by light 481

9.6 Wave behaviour of light 486

9.7 Static electricity 503

9.8 Transforming electrical energy 511

9.9 Communication 516

9.10 Thinking tools — Plus, minus, interesting charts 527

9.11 Project — Did you hear that? 529

9.12 Review 530

10 Electricity and efficiency 541

10.1 Overview 542

10.2 Electrical circuits 544

10.3 Measuring electricity 553

10.4 Resisting the electrons! 558

10.5 Energy efficiency 562

10.6 Electricity generation 572

10.7 Thinking tools — Flow charts 584

10.8 Project — Go-Go Gadget online shop 586

10.9 Review 587

11 Psychology

11.1 Overview

11.2 Introducing psychology

11.3 The brain

11.4 Intelligence

11.5 Emotions and communication

11.6 Memory

11.7 Sleep and sleep disorders

11.8 Psychopathology

11.9 Treatment of mental health disorders

11.10 Groups and social psychology

11.11 Forensic psychology

11.12 Review

12 Forensics

12.1 Overview

12.2 The Forensic Herald

12.3 Who knows who dunnit?

12.4 Forensic toolbox

12.5 Discovering the truth through forensics

12.6 Clues from blood

12.7 Clues in hair, fibres and tracks

12.8 Life as a forensic scientist

12.9 Forensics and the future

12.10 Review

Periodic table 598

Glossary 600

Index 619