Jacaranda Humanities Alive 10 Australian Curriculum 3E learnON and Print

Jacaranda Humanities Alive 10 (for Australian Curriculum v9.0)

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Table of Contents

About this resource xi

Acknowledgements xviii

Understanding cognitive verbs 1

History 2

1 History concepts and skills 4

1.1 Overview 5

1.2 Concepts in History 6

1.3 Skills in History 17

1.4 SkillBuilder: Sequencing events in chronological order

1.5 SkillBuilder: Analysing cause and effect with graphic organisers

1.6 SkillBuilder: Analysing political cartoons and propaganda posters

1.7 SkillBuilder: Historical debate

1.8 Review 20

2 World War II 22

2.1 Overview 23

2.2 What do sources tell us about World War II? 25

2.3 How did the Nazis take power in Germany? 29

2.4 Where did Japanese aggression begin? 36

2.5 What steps led to war in Europe? 40

2.6 How did the war progress up to 1944? 45

2.7 Where did Australians fight up to 1942? 52

2.8 How did Japan change the war for Australia? 57

2.9 Why did Australians fight on the Kokoda Track? 62

2.10 Where else did Australians serve in the war? 66

2.11 What were the experiences of Australian POWs? 70

2.12 What was the war like on the Australian home front? 76

2.13 How did Australian women contribute to the war effort? 81

2.14 How did the war affect relations with the United States? 88

2.15 How did the war end? 91

2.16 What war crimes were committed and how were they punished? 95

2.17 How were Australia’s international relations changed by the war? 102

2.18 How has the war been commemorated and what debates have been contested? 106

2.19 INQUIRY: Recognising and honouring First Nations Australians’ service in World War II 111

2.20 Review 113

3 Rights and freedoms (1945 to present) 120

3.1 Overview 121

3.2 What do sources tell us about rights and freedoms? 123

3.3 How did the First Nations Australian protest movement begin? 127

3.4 What did the members of the Stolen Generations experience? 132

3.5 Who were the major figures in the world’s civil rights movement? 137

3.6 What impact did the Freedom Ride have in Australia? 143

3.7 What was the significance of the 1967 Referendum? 147

3.8 What have the Torres Strait Islanders experienced during their fight for freedom? 151

3.9 Why was the Aboriginal Tent Embassy significant? 157

3.10 How are land rights and protests crucial in the struggle for rights and freedoms? 161

3.11 Why is the journey to reconciliation complex? 167

3.12 Why is the fight for equity still going? 173

3.13 How are Indigenous Peoples recognised around the world? 180

3.14 How have women influenced Australian politics? 187

3.15 How has the status of Australian women changed? 193

3.16 How far have we come for the women’s rights movement? 200

3.17 INQUIRY: Comparing perspectives 205

3.18 Review 207

4 Migration experiences 216

4.1 Overview 217

4.2 What do sources tell us about migration experiences? 219

4.3 What were the effects of Australia’s changing immigration policy? 222

4.4 What opportunities and challenges were experienced by immigrants to Australia? 228

4.5 How has Australia’s immigration policy evolved? 234

4.6 How are asylum seekers and refugees treated in Australia? 239

4.7 How do migrants contribute to Australia? 245

4.8 INQUIRY: Compare sources to answer a historical question 250

4.9 Review 253

5 Globalising world (1945 to present) 258

5.1 Overview 259

5.2 What do sources tell us about the modern world? 261

5.3 How did World War II change the world? 265

5.4 How did Australian society change in the 1950s and 1960s? 269

5.5 What were the causes of the Cold War? 274

5.6 How did Australia form relationships with its neighbours? 280

5.7 What role did sport play in society? 287

5.8 What was the impact of the rock’n’roll revolution? 295

5.9 How has migration influenced change in Australia? 301

5.10 What were the global political and social influences on popular culture? 310

5.11 How did Australian television become a cultural influence? 314

5.12 What can the film industry tell us about history? 320

5.13 How has life changed since the end of World War II? 325

5.14 How have our beliefs and values been impacted over time? 330

5.15 INQUIRY: Teenagers through the decades 335

5.16 Review 337

6 The environment movement 344

6.1 Overview 345

6.2 What do sources tell us about the environment movement? 347

6.3 Why were national parks established? 349

6.4 How have humans impacted on the environment? 354

6.5 What were the causes and consequences of the Atomic Age? 361

6.6 How have governments addressed global environmental issues? 368

6.7 What does Australia’s environmental future look like? 375

6.8 INQUIRY: Interrogate sources to form a reasoned opinion on a historic debate 381

6.9 Review 384

Geography 390

7 Geography concepts and skills 392

7.1 Overview 393

7.2 Concepts in Geography 394

7.3 Skills used in Geography 402

7.4 SkillBuilder: Interpreting a complex block diagram

7.5 SkillBuilder: Creating a fishbone diagram

7.6 SkillBuilder: Reading topographic maps at an advanced level

7.7 SkillBuilder: Comparing an aerial photograph and a topographic map

7.8 SkillBuilder: Using geographic information systems (GIS)

7.9 SkillBuilder: Constructing and interpreting a scattergraph

7.10 SkillBuilder: Interpreting a Cartogram

7.11 SkillBuilder: Using multiple data formats

7.12 SkillBuilder: Constructing and describing complex choropleth maps

7.13 SkillBuilder: Evaluating alternative responses

7.14 SkillBuilder: Drawing a futures wheel7.15 SkillBuilder: Comparing aerial photographs to investigate spatial change over time

7.16 SkillBuilder: Describing change over time

7.17 SkillBuilder: Building a map with geographic information systems (GIS)

7.18 SkillBuilder: Using Excel to construct population pyramids

7.19 SkillBuilder: How to develop a structured and ethical approach to research

7.20 SkillBuilder: Understanding policies and strategies

7.21 SkillBuilder: Debating like a geographer

7.22 SkillBuilder: Writing a geographical essay

7.23 Review 418

8 Introducing environmental change and management 420

8.1 Overview 421

8.2 How do we interact with the environment? 422

8.3 Is climate change heating the Earth? 432

8.4 How do we tackle climate change? 436

8.5 Is Australia’s climate changing? 443

8.6 Investigating topographic maps: Environmental change in Jindabyne 448

8.7 INQUIRY: Extreme weather 451

8.8 Review 452

9 Land environments change and management

9.1 Overview

9.2 What are the causes and impacts of environmental change?

9.3 How do we manage environmental change?

9.4 How does salinity change the environment?

9.5 How does desertification change the environment?

9.6 How do invasive species change the environment?

9.7 How do native species change the environment?

9.8 How do First Nations Australians manage the land?

9.9 Investigating topographic maps: Managing environmental change in the Parwan Valley

9.10 INQUIRY: First Nations Australians’ land practices

9.11 Review

10 Inland water change and management

10.1 Overview

10.2 What is inland water?

10.3 Why do we dam rivers?

10.4 What are some alternatives to dams?

10.5 What happens when water is diverted?

10.6 How do we use wetlands?

10.7 Investigating topographic maps: Wetlands along the Murray River

10.8 INQUIRY: The Menindee Lakes fish kill

10.9 Review

11 Coastal change and management 462

11.1 Overview 463

11.2 How are coasts formed and changed? 464

11.3 What are the challenges to coastal environments? 473

11.4 How do we manage coastal change? 485

11.5 Investigating topographic maps: Consequences of coastal change in Merimbula 491

11.6 INQUIRY: Threats to the Great Barrier Reef 494

11.7 Review 496

12 Marine environments change and management

12.1 Overview

12.2 What is so special about marine environments?

12.3 Why is there plastic in the ocean?

12.4 How does debris change marine environments?

12.5 How do ghost nets create environmental change?

12.6 How is marine debris being dealt with in different places?

12.7 What strategies are in place to deal with marine litter?

12.8 Investigating topographic maps: Coral bleaching on Lizard Island

12.9 INQUIRY: ‘Plastic-not-so-fantastic’ media campaign

12.10 Review

13 Urban change and management 502

13.1 Overview 503

13.2 How do cities impact the environment? 504

13.3 How do urban environments develop? 508

13.4 Case studies in urban growth: Melbourne and Mumbai 513

13.5 What factors contribute to urban decline? 521

13.6 What are the future challenges of sustainable urban environments? 527

13.7 Investigating topographic maps: Examining the city of Sáo Paulo 532

13.8 INQUIRY: Life in a Mumbai slum 535

13.9 Review 537

14 Measuring and improving wellbeing 542

14.1 Overview 543

14.2 How do we measure and improve wellbeing? 544

14.3 How does wealth affect wellbeing? 550

14.4 How are life expectancy and wellbeing connected? 554

14.5 How does wellbeing vary in India? 562

14.6 How does poverty affect wellbeing? 568

14.7 How does wellbeing vary in Australia? 575

14.8 Investigating topographic maps: Improving wellbeing in Cumborah 582

14.9 INQUIRY: Improving wellbeing in a low-HDI ranked country 585

14.10 Review 587

15 Global responses to human wellbeing

15.1 Overview

15.2 How do the Sustainable Development Goals aim to address poverty?

15.3 How are health and wellbeing linked?

15.4 Why do governments have differing responses to wellbeing issues?

15.5 Why are human rights so important?

15.6 CASE STUDY: Syria — the impact of conflict on wellbeing

15.7 Why have so many people had to flee their homes and seek refuge?

15.8 How does the Australian government provide assistance to increase global human wellbeing?

15.9 Investigating topographic maps: Spatial variations in wellbeing in Tokyo, Japan

15.10 INQUIRY: Global responses to wellbeing

15.11 Review

Civics and Citizenship 594

16 Civics and Citizenship concepts and skills 596

16.1 Overview 597

16.2 Concepts in Civics and Citizenship 598

16.3 Skills in Civics and Citizenship 601

16.4 SkillBuilder: Using the inquiry approach for research

16.5 SkillBuilder: Using the deconstruct/ reconstruct method

16.6 SkillBuilder: Conducting an Interview

16.7 SkillBuilder: Using and referencing quotes

16.8 SkillBuilder: Analysing political cartoons

16.9 SkillBuilder: Writing essays

16.10 SkillBuilder: Writing a feature article

16.11 SkillBuilder: Debating an issue

16.12 Review 606

17 Regional government and global citizenship 608

17.1 Overview 609

17.2 What are the key features of Australia’s system of government? 610

17.3 What are the key features of India’s system of government? 617

17.4 What are the key features of Indonesia’s system of government? 622

17.5 What are the key features of China’s system of government? 627

17.6 How does Australia act as a global citizen? 632

17.7 What are Australia’s roles and responsibilities as part of the United Nations? 638

17.8 How does Australia play a role in international peacekeeping and global regional issues? 645

17.9 INQUIRY: Report card — Australia’s response as a global citizen 650

17.10 Review 652

18 The High Court and Australia’s international agreements 658

18.1 Overview 659

18.2 How are disputes resolved between the Commonwealth and the states? 660

18.3 How is the Australian Constitution interpreted in the modern world? 666

18.4 What are Australia’s obligations under international law? 672

18.5 What are international treaties, conventions and declarations? 677

18.6 What are Australia’s obligations to First Nations Peoples of Australia through international law? 684

18.7 What are Australia’s legal obligations to refugees and asylum seekers? 693

18.8 What are Australia’s legal obligations to the environment? 699

18.9 INQUIRY: Treaty 705

18.10 Review 707

19 Sustaining democracy and social cohesion 712

19.1 Overview 713

19.2 What are the elements of a cohesive society? 714

19.3 What threatens social cohesion? 719

19.4 What threatens global democracy? 725

19.5 How can we resolve conflict? 730

19.6 INQUIRY: Social media campaign 734

19.7 Review 736

Economics and Business 740

20 Economics and Business concepts and skills 742

20.1 Overview 743

20.2 Concepts in Economics and Business 744

20.3 Skills in Economics and Business 750

20.4 SkillBuilder: Conducting research into indicators of economic performance

20.5 SkillBuilder: Analysing a business case study

20.6 SkillBuilder: Predicting the outcomes of economic and business decisions

20.7 SkillBuilder: Preparing a budget

20.8 Review 753

21 Economic performance, and living standards 756

21.1 Overview 757

21.2 How does economic growth indicate Australia’s economic performance? 758

21.3 How do employment trends indicate Australia’s economic performance? 765

21.4 How do inflation rates indicate Australia’s economic performance? 771

21.5 How do sustainability indices indicate Australia’s economic performance? 777

21.6 What are living standards and how are they related to economic performance? 783

21.7 What are the different macroeconomic policy options? 790

21.8 What are the different microeconomic policy options? 798

21.9 What is direct government intervention in the market? 805

21.10 INQUIRY: How does Australia measure up? 810

21.11 Review 811

22 Consumer and financial decision-making 816

22.1 Overview 817

22.2 What are consumer and financial decisions? 818

22.3 What can influence consumer and financial decision-making? 821

22.4 What are the costs of consumer and financial decisions? 827

22.5 What is the role of the superannuation system? 832

22.6 How can entrepreneurism improve business operations? 835

22.7 How are First Nations Australian businesses supported? 842

22.8 How can entrepreneurs respond to changing economic conditions? 846

22.9 INQUIRY: Consumer behaviour 852

22.10 Review 853

Glossary 857

Index 869